{"id":4554,"date":"2021-10-30T12:01:54","date_gmt":"2021-10-30T09:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/blog\/2021\/10\/30\/breslauja\/"},"modified":"2021-11-15T02:41:48","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T23:41:48","slug":"breslauja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/blog\/2021\/10\/30\/breslauja\/","title":{"rendered":"Breslauja"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #c17126;\"><strong>Vieta:<\/strong><\/span> Pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 Breslaujos pilis minima 1065 m. Bychovco kronik\u0173 dalyje, kurioje apra\u0161omas mitini\u0173 Lietuvos kunigaik\u0161\u010di\u0173 Kernuso ir Gimbuto i\u0161puolis prie\u0161 Rusios miest\u0105 Breslauj\u0105. Archeologai patvirtina, kad ant piliakalnio Breslaujos pil\u012f \u012fk\u016br\u0117 Polocko krivi\u010di\u0173 gentis. Tai nat\u016brali auk\u0161tuma tarp Druveto ir Naviatos e\u017eer\u0173. \u010cia, tarp e\u017eer\u0173, buvo priemestis. Manoma, kad pavadinimas kil\u0119s i\u0161 latvi\u0173 \u201ebrasla\u201c \u2013 bristi arba, pasak legendos, siejamas su Polocko kunigaik\u0161\u010dio Bria\u010dislavo vardu. Netoliese (\u0161iuolaikiniuose Moskovi\u010diuose) iki XII a. gyveno variag\u0173 kolonija. Breslaujoje gyveno mi\u0161rios slav\u0173-latgali\u0173 kilm\u0117s \u017emon\u0117s, o pats miestas buvo vakarinis Polocko kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117s forpostas pasienyje su balt\u0173 gentimis: auk\u0161tai\u010diais, s\u0117liais ir latgalais, o v\u0117liau \u2013 su Livonijos ordinu. I\u0161 Breslaujos e\u017eer\u0173 i\u0161teka up\u0117 Druja ir \u012fteka \u012f Dvin\u0105. Viduram\u017eiais \u0161ia upe aktyviai vyko prekyba Vilniaus bei Karaliau\u010diaus kryptimi i\u0161 Ryt\u0173 ir Rusios. \u0160iuo keliu \u012f Karaliau\u010di\u0173 ir atgal taip pat gal\u0117jo keliauti P. Skorina..<\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n            \n            \n            \n            <a name='map135'><\/a>\n            \n            \n            \n            \n            <div class=\"wpgmza_map \"  id=\"wpgmza_map_135\" style=\"display:block; overflow:auto; width:100%; height:500px; float:left;\" data-settings='{\"id\":\"135\",\"map_title\":\"LT - Part Polotsk \\u2013 Vilnius - 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Map \\u00bb\",\"shortcodeAttributes\":{\"id\":\"135\"}}}' data-map-id='135' data-shortcode-attributes='{\"id\":\"135\"}'> <\/div>\n            \n               \n        [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_separator color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#c17126&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1635164806645{padding-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<em>Breslauja Skorinos laikais<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lietuvos Did\u017eiojoje Kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117je Breslauja priklaus\u0117 did\u017eiajam kunigaik\u0161\u010diui. Gediminas paliko miestel\u012f s\u016bnui Jaunu\u010diui. V\u0117liau, renkam\u0173 valdov\u0173 laikotarpiu, Breslauj\u0105 vald\u0117 Skuminai-Ty\u0161kevi\u010diai, Sapiegos, Masalskiai. Miestas buvo svarbi tvirtov\u0117 vidinio karo tarp \u0160vitrigailos ir \u017dygimanto metu, Breslaujoje vyko Rusios Did\u017eiosios Kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117s kari\u0173 ir j\u0173 s\u0105junginink\u0173 Livonijos kry\u017eiuo\u010di\u0173 (1434 m.) ir totori\u0173 (1435 m.) s\u0105junga.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1500 m. spalio 8 d. didysis kunigaik\u0161tis Aleksandras, b\u016bdamas Berslaujoje, suteik\u0117 miestui Magdeburgo teis\u0117s privilegij\u0105 (dalin\u0119), kuri buvo\u00a0 kelis kartus patvirtinta. Po did\u017eiojo kunigaik\u0161\u010dio Aleksandro Jogailai\u010dio mirties, 1506 m. miestas atiteko jo \u017emonai Elenai, kuri jame ir apsigyveno. Ant piliakalnio Elena \u012fk\u016br\u0117 moter\u0173 vienuolyn\u0105, kur 1513 m. mir\u0117. Nuo 1500 m. Nespi\u0161o e\u017eero saloje veik\u0117 \u017einomas vyr\u0173 vienuolynas (pirma sta\u010diatiki\u0173, v\u0117liau uniat\u0173). 1517 m. per Breslauj\u0105 keliavo diplomatas S.\u00a0Herber\u0161teinas, kuris pa\u017eym\u0117jo miesto b\u016bvimo viet\u0105 prie did\u017eiulio e\u017eero. S. Pachalovitskio parengtame 1579 m. Polocko \u017eemi\u0173 \u017eem\u0117lapyje Breslauja \u017eymima kaip saloje \u012fsik\u016brusi gyvenviet\u0117.<\/p>\n<p>Remiantis 1554 m. sura\u0161ymo duomenimis, mieste buvo 5 gatv\u0117s, 110 nam\u0173, i\u0161 kuri\u0173 65 namai buvo Did\u017eiojoje (Velykaja) gatv\u0117je (dabar Leninskaja). Miestas tur\u0117jo apie t\u016bkstant\u012f gyventoj\u0173, kurie daugiausia vert\u0117si \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkiu ir \u017evejyba, prekyba ir amatais. 1530-aisiais architekt\u0173 komanda i\u0161 Breslaujos dalyvavo Polocko pilies statyboje, kuriai vadovavo Polocko vaivada Janas Glebovi\u010dius. Toje pa\u010dioje gatv\u0117je buvo cerkv\u0117, ba\u017eny\u010dia, ligonin\u0117 ir Masalski\u0173 kunigaik\u0161\u010di\u0173 dvaras. \u010cia taip pat buvo \u012fsik\u016br\u0119s vienuolynas ir net 40 tavern\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Breslaujos pilis<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Breslaujos pilis pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 minima 1514 m. Tuometin\u0117 pilies i\u0161vaizda tam tikru mastu perteikta T.\u00a0Makovskio parengtame 1613 m. \u017eem\u0117lapyje. 1649 m. Breslaujos inventorizavimo dokumentuose pateikiamas i\u0161samus pilies apra\u0161ymas: 7 bok\u0161tai, vartai su dvigubais vartais, gynybinis bok\u0161tas vir\u0161 vart\u0173, nema\u017eai \u016bkini\u0173 pastat\u0173 gyvenviet\u0117je: kepykla, arklid\u0117, kal\u0117jimas, virtuv\u0117, tvartai ir kt. Tuo metu mieste buvo 120 nam\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nuo 1566 m. Breslauja buvo pavieto centras Vilniaus vaivadijoje. Paviet\u0173 seimeliai susirinkdavo ant piliakalnio. Pagal 1590 m. seimo nutarim\u0105, \u010dia pat buvo teismo pos\u0117d\u017ei\u0173 pastatas, kuriame saugotas archyvas. Lietuvos Did\u017eiosios Kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117s laikais Breslaujos herbas buvo Vytis, o mason\u0173 kilm\u0117s simbolis \u201eApvaizdos akis\u201c, vaizduojantis \u017emogaus ak\u012f trikampyje saul\u0117s spinduli\u0173 fone, miestui buvo suteiktas 1792 m. bir\u017eelio 2 d. pagal karaliaus Stanislavo Augusto Poniatovskio privilegij\u0105.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_masonry_media_grid element_width=&#8221;12&#8243; grid_id=&#8221;vc_gid:1636933297554-c643c1c7-b380-10&#8243; include=&#8221;2971,2974,2977,2980,2983&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text] Vieta: Pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 Breslaujos pilis minima 1065 m. Bychovco kronik\u0173 dalyje, kurioje apra\u0161omas mitini\u0173 Lietuvos kunigaik\u0161\u010di\u0173 Kernuso ir Gimbuto i\u0161puolis prie\u0161 Rusios miest\u0105 Breslauj\u0105. Archeologai patvirtina, kad ant piliakalnio Breslaujos pil\u012f \u012fk\u016br\u0117 Polocko krivi\u010di\u0173 gentis. Tai nat\u016brali auk\u0161tuma tarp Druveto ir Naviatos e\u017eer\u0173. \u010cia, tarp e\u017eer\u0173, buvo priemestis. Manoma, kad pavadinimas kil\u0119s i\u0161&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4554"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4554"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4594,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4554\/revisions\/4594"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}