{"id":4472,"date":"2021-10-30T12:13:06","date_gmt":"2021-10-30T09:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/blog\/2021\/10\/30\/mikailiskes\/"},"modified":"2021-11-15T02:14:18","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T23:14:18","slug":"mikailiskes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/blog\/2021\/10\/30\/mikailiskes\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikaili\u0161k\u0117s"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\r\n<h6><span style=\"color: #c17126;\"><strong>Vieta:<\/strong><\/span> Miestelio raida buvo siejama su patogia vieta kelyje i\u0161 Vilniaus \u012f Polock\u0105, netoli nuo perk\u0117los per Vilijos up\u0119. \u0160iuo mar\u0161rutu 1581 m. karin\u0117s ekspedicijos \u012f Polock\u0105 metu naudojosi karalius Steponas Batoras. Tada parakas ir atsargos buvo pristatomos i\u0161 Kauno per Vilijos up\u0119 \u012f Mikaili\u0161kes, o i\u0161 ten sausumos keliais \u012f Pastov\u012f. Konstantinas Ti\u0161kevi\u010dius taip pat aplank\u0117 miestel\u012f 1857 m., garsiosios ekspedicijos per Vilijos up\u0119 iki jos santakos su Nemunu metu: \u201eSaul\u0117 jau leidosi ir prad\u0117jo temti, kai kairiajame up\u0117s krante pamat\u0117me boluojant du neauk\u0161tus, bet labai tiksli\u0173 proporcij\u0173 bok\u0161tus; \u0161alimais mat\u0117si ba\u017eny\u010dia su nedideliu kupolu ant \u0161varaus, k\u0105 tik nuda\u017eyto stogo. Trumpai tariant, vakaro prieblandoje prie\u0161 m\u016bs\u0173 akis atsiv\u0117r\u0117 nuostabiai puiki ital\u0173 architekt\u016bra, ne itin didel\u0117 akmenin\u0117 ba\u017eny\u010dia, o u\u017e jos bolavo dviauk\u0161t\u0117 m\u016brin\u0117 klebonija, tiesiai u\u017e kurios ir \u0161iek tiek kairiau juodavo mediniai namai atskirti plataus vie\u0161kelio, vedan\u010dio i\u0161 Vilniaus \u012f Polock\u0105\u201c.<\/h6>\r\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\r\n\n            \n            \n            \n            <a name='map125'><\/a>\n            \n            \n            \n            \n            <div class=\"wpgmza_map \"  id=\"wpgmza_map_125\" style=\"display:block; overflow:auto; width:100%; height:500px; float:left;\" data-settings='{\"id\":\"125\",\"map_title\":\"LT - Part Polotsk \\u2013 Vilnius - 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Map \\u00bb\",\"shortcodeAttributes\":{\"id\":\"125\"}}}' data-map-id='125' data-shortcode-attributes='{\"id\":\"125\"}'> <\/div>\n            \n               \n        \r\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_separator color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#c17126&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1635164806645{padding-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\r\n<p><em>Mikaili\u0161k\u0117s Skarinos laikais<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p>Mikail\u0161k\u0117s pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 pamin\u0117tos 1518 m. kaip Grigalijaus Astiko dvaras. Astikas aktyviai dalyvavo Maskvos ir Lietuvos karuose, o Vedro\u0161os m\u016b\u0161io (1500 m.) metu buvo paimtas \u012f maskv\u0117n\u0173 nelaisv\u0119 ir paleistas tik 1508 m., did\u017eiosios kunigaik\u0161tien\u0117s Elenos pra\u0161ymu. Karalius \u017dygimantas atstat\u0117 gr\u012f\u017eus\u012f i\u0161 nelaisv\u0117s Astik\u0105 dvaro mar\u0161alkos pareigose, o nuo 1510 m. paskyr\u0117 j\u012f \u012f Trak\u0173 vaivada.<\/p>\r\n<p>Mikaili\u0161ki\u0173 dvaras 1526 m. atiteko Radviloms. 1528 m. Mikali\u0161k\u0117se buvo 71 \u016bkis. Tuo metu tai buvo prekybinis miestelis, kurio centre buvo kvadratin\u0117 turgaus aik\u0161t\u0117.<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><em>Mikaili\u0161k\u0117s nuo XVII a. iki m\u016bs\u0173 dien\u0173<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0160v. arkangelo Mykolo ba\u017eny\u010dia<\/p>\r\n<p>Mikaili\u0161ki\u0173\u00a0 suklest\u0117jimas ir m\u016brin\u0117s \u0160v. Arkangelo Mykolo ba\u017eny\u010dios statyba buvo siejama su lenk\u0173 B\u017eostovski\u0173 gimine, kuri \u012f Lietuv\u0105 atsik\u0117l\u0117 XVI am\u017eiaus pabaigoje. 1604 m. Jonas B\u017eostovskis nupirko miestel\u012f i\u0161 Jok\u016bbo Keni\u0161kio, ir \u0161i \u0161eima \u010dia vald\u0117 kitus du \u0161imtme\u010dius. 1622 m. broliai Jonas ir Lukas B\u017eostovskiai Mikaili\u0161k\u0117se \u012fk\u016br\u0117 medin\u0119 ba\u017eny\u010di\u0105, kuri\u0105 tur\u0117jo pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti Regulini\u0173 atgailos\u00a0kanaunink\u0173 ordino vienuoliai. \u0160io Augustin\u0173 at\u0161akos ordino pagrindin\u0117 buvein\u0117 buvo Krokuvoje, keletas vienuolyn\u0173 atsirado Lietuvoje ir kaimynin\u0117je Bistry\u010dioje. Pirmoji medin\u0117 ba\u017eny\u010dia sudeg\u0117 per Maskvos karus, o XVII am\u017eiaus pabaigoje buvo pastatyta nauja m\u016brin\u0117 ba\u017eny\u010dia, kuri\u0105 1700 m. pa\u0161ventino Vilniaus vyskupas.<\/p>\r\n<p>I\u0161ori\u0161kai ba\u017eny\u010dia atrodo gana kukliai, pastatyta vadinamojo <em>sarmato<\/em> baroko stiliumi, pasi\u017eymin\u010diu savo grie\u017etumu ir lakoni\u0161kumu, ta\u010diau stebina turtinga interjero puo\u0161yba, atlikta <em>stucco <\/em>technika (marmuro gipsin\u0117 imitacija), kurios autoryst\u0117 tyrin\u0117tojams vis dar n\u0117ra \u017einoma. Nors 1766 m. Genealogin\u0117je informacijoje apie B\u017eostovskio \u0161eim\u0105 buvo para\u0161yta: \u201eBa\u017eny\u010dios plan\u0105 pareng\u0117 ir pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117jo architektas vardu Pence. Skulpt\u016bras padar\u0117 skulptorius vardu Perti, abu Florencijos gyventojai \u201c. Dabar \u017einoma, kad architektas atvyko ne i\u0161 Florencijos, o i\u0161 Belgijos. Antr\u0105j\u012f meistr\u0105 galima tapatinti su ital\u0173 skulptoriaus Pjetro Perti (kilusio i\u0161 Lombardijos) studija, kuri siejama su fantastinio gro\u017eio Vilniaus \u0160v. apa\u0161tal\u0173 Petro ir Povilo ba\u017eny\u010dios <em>stucco<\/em> ansamblio k\u016brimu. Vis dar lieka neatsakytas\u00a0 klausimas, ar garsusis meistras tiesiogiai dalyvavo kuriant ba\u017eny\u010di\u0105 Mikali\u0161k\u0117se, ar \u0161\u012f darb\u0105 patik\u0117jo savo mokiniams. Pagrindinis argumentas \u2013 vietini\u0173 <em>stucco <\/em>atlikimo technika gerokai nusileid\u017eia Vilniaus ansambliui. Gali b\u016bti, kad Mikali\u0161k\u0117se dirbo vietinis dro\u017e\u0117jas Mikalojus \u017dilevi\u010dius, kuris vadovaujamas ital\u0173 meistro, k\u016brybi\u0161kai perdirbo rom\u0117n\u0173 ir lombard\u0173 meno tradicijas.<\/p>\r\n<p>Nepaisant to, <em>stucco<\/em> ansamblis \u0161ioje ba\u017eny\u010dioje yra vienas tobuliausi\u0173 baroko pavyzd\u017ei\u0173 Baltarusijos \u017eem\u0117se. Kaip ir pati technika, taip ir estetin\u0117 programa perimta i\u0161 Italijos. Galima matyti, kad \u0160v. Mykolo ba\u017eny\u010dios projektu bandoma atkurti Regulini\u0173 atgailos\u00a0kanaunink\u0173 ordino <em>San Giovanni in Laterano<\/em> pagrindin\u0117s ba\u017eny\u010dios ikonografin\u0119 schem\u0105. Tyrin\u0117tojai \u010dia taip pat atkreipia d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f ry\u0161\u012f su skulpt\u016briniu katedros ansambliu Komo mieste (Lombardija).<\/p>\r\n<p>Taigi, Mikaili\u0161ki\u0173 \u0160v. Arkangelo Mykolo ba\u017eny\u010dios projektas liudija apie turtingus ir stabilius kult\u016brinius ry\u0161ius, egzistavusius tarp Lietuvos Did\u017eiosios Kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117s ir Italijos baroko epochoje, d\u0117l ko buvo sukurta daug nuostabi\u0173 paminkl\u0173, tarp kuri\u0173 tikrai galima i\u0161skirti<em> stucco<\/em> ansambl\u012f Mikali\u0161k\u0117se.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_masonry_media_grid element_width=&#8221;12&#8243; grid_id=&#8221;vc_gid:1636931636677-1a0b5b68-f2c4-6&#8243; include=&#8221;2848,2851,2854,2857&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text] Vieta: Miestelio raida buvo siejama su patogia vieta kelyje i\u0161 Vilniaus \u012f Polock\u0105, netoli nuo perk\u0117los per Vilijos up\u0119. \u0160iuo mar\u0161rutu 1581 m. karin\u0117s ekspedicijos \u012f Polock\u0105 metu naudojosi karalius Steponas Batoras. Tada parakas ir atsargos buvo pristatomos i\u0161 Kauno per Vilijos up\u0119 \u012f Mikaili\u0161kes, o i\u0161 ten sausumos keliais \u012f Pastov\u012f. Konstantinas&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4472"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4472"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4580,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4472\/revisions\/4580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}