{"id":4374,"date":"2021-10-25T16:37:33","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T13:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/blog\/2021\/10\/25\/kristaus-atsimainymo-baznycia\/"},"modified":"2021-11-14T16:47:49","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T13:47:49","slug":"kristaus-atsimainymo-baznycia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/blog\/2021\/10\/25\/kristaus-atsimainymo-baznycia\/","title":{"rendered":"Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\r\n<h6><strong><span style=\"color: #c17126;\">\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435:<\/span> Ba\u017eny\u010dios vieta<br \/>Ba\u017eny\u010dia yra \u0161v. Eufrosinijos vienuolyno teritorijoje, Eufrasinni Polackaj g. 89.<\/strong><\/h6>\r\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\r\n\n            \n            \n            \n            <a name='map112'><\/a>\n            \n            \n            \n            \n            <div class=\"wpgmza_map \"  id=\"wpgmza_map_112\" style=\"display:block; overflow:auto; width:100%; height:500px; float:left;\" data-settings='{\"id\":\"112\",\"map_title\":\"LT- Polotsk - Kristaus Atsimainymo 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Map \\u00bb\"}}' data-map-id='112' data-shortcode-attributes='{\"id\":\"112\"}'> <\/div>\n            \n               \n        \r\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_separator color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#c17126&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1635164806645{padding-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\r\n<p>Polocko \u0160v. Eufrosinijos vienuolyno Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dia yra viena seniausi\u0173 i\u0161likusi\u0173 ba\u017eny\u010di\u0173 Ryt\u0173 Europoje, kurios architekt\u016bra, susiformavusi k\u016brybi\u0161kai pritaikius Bizantijos tradicijas, i\u0161 esm\u0117s tapo naujo tipo pastato pavyzd\u017eiu, XII\u2013XIII a. sand\u016broje pla\u010diai paplitusio visoje Rusioje nuo Karpat\u0173 kaln\u0173 iki Staraja Ladoga.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0160io tipo pastatai turi pailgas, auk\u0161tyn nukreiptas proporcijas ir mokslin\u0117je literat\u016broje da\u017enai vadinami \u201ebok\u0161to tipo\u201c pastatais. \u201eBok\u0161to tipo\u201c ba\u017eny\u010dios pla\u010diai paplito visoje Rusios teritorijoje XII a. pabaigoje\u2013XIII a. prad\u017eioje, ir tur\u0117jo didel\u0119 \u012ftak\u0105 akmeninei statybai Smolenske (Arkangelo Mykolo ba\u017eny\u010dia), Naugarde (\u0160v. kankin\u0117s Paraskev\u0117s cerkv\u0117), Gardine, \u010cernigove (\u0160v. kankin\u0117s Paraskev\u0117s cerkv\u0117) ir kituose miestuose. V\u0117liau, XIV\u2013XV a., pailg\u0173 proporcij\u0173 ba\u017eny\u010di\u0173 statyba dominavo Naugardo ir Pskovo architekt\u016broje.<\/p>\r\n<p>Reik\u0117t\u0173 pa\u017eym\u0117ti, kad Polocke \u201ebok\u0161to tipo\u201c ba\u017eny\u010dios konstrukcija realizuojama unikaliu b\u016bdu, neturin\u010diu analog\u0173 kitose Rusios \u017eem\u0117se ar Bizantijoje. \u0160v. Eufrosinijos vienuolyno Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dioje auk\u0161tyn nukreipta konstrukcija sukuriama proporcingo apim\u010di\u0173 santykio, sukurto naudojant daugumai statini\u0173 \u012fprastas strukt\u016bras, kurios \u0161iuo atveju naudojamos visi\u0161kai kitame kontekste.<\/p>\r\n<p>Polocko Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dia turi ypating\u0105 vert\u0119 kaip XII am\u017eiaus paminklas, i\u0161lik\u0119s iki \u0161i\u0173 dien\u0173 ir ai\u0161kiai atspindintis \u201ebok\u0161to tipo\u201c ba\u017eny\u010di\u0173 stiliaus formavimo proces\u0105, nauj\u0173 strukt\u016br\u0173 paie\u0161kas ir tradicini\u0173 metod\u0173 pritaikym\u0105, \u012fgyvendinant naujas architekt\u016brines id\u0117jas. Lyginant su kitomis tokio tipo ba\u017eny\u010diomis, akivaizdu, kad \u0160v. Eufrosinijos vienuolyno Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dia prad\u0117jo nauj\u0173 form\u0173 paie\u0161k\u0105 Rusios architekt\u016broje, gerokai pralenkdama savo laikmet\u012f. Nors \u201eBok\u0161to tipo\u201c ba\u017eny\u010di\u0173 konstrukcija pla\u010diai paplito pra\u0117jus daugiau nei pusei am\u017eiaus po to, kai ji atsidaro Polocke, bet frontonin\u0117s perdangos, kuri\u0173 egzistavimas Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dioje XII\u00a0a. buvo u\u017efiksuotas naujausi\u0173 tyrim\u0173 eigoje, senov\u0117s rus\u0173 architekt\u016broje prad\u0117tos naudoti dar v\u0117liau \u2013 XV a.<\/p>\r\n<p>Trij\u0173 tarpsni\u0173 fasado integravimo \u012f frontono formas technika liudija, kad Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dios k\u016br\u0117jas architektas Jonas (balt. \u0406\u0430\u0430\u043d) \u017einojo apie \u0161io motyvo panaudojim\u0105 Bizantijos ir ypa\u010d Graikijos architekt\u016broje. Ta\u010diau Polocke \u0161i bizanti\u0161ka technika naudojama visi\u0161kai kitame architekt\u016briniame kontekste \u2013 norint sukurti vertikal\u0173 akcent\u0105 erdvin\u0117je pastato kompozicijoje, kas neb\u016bdinga Bizantijos architekt\u016brai.<\/p>\r\n<p>Taip pat unikalus yra Polocko ba\u017eny\u010dios autenti\u0161k\u0173 konstrukcij\u0173 ir detali\u0173 i\u0161saugojimo laipsnis. Ypa\u010d svarbu tai, kad daugelis i\u0161likusi\u0173 paminklo element\u0173 leid\u017eia tarsi persikelti \u012f senov\u0117s meistr\u0173 \u201ek\u016brybin\u0119 laboratorij\u0105\u201c, atsekti j\u0173 k\u016brybines paie\u0161kas ir tai, kaip pradinis sumanymas keit\u0117si vykstant statyboms.<\/p>\r\n<p>Be galo vertinga Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dios tapybos ikonografin\u0117 programa, sukurta dalyvaujant pa\u010diai Polocko \u0160v. Eufrosinijai, i\u0161skirtiniai meniniai fresk\u0173 bruo\u017eai \u2013 vienas i\u0161 nedaugelio i\u0161likusi\u0173 XII a. Komnin\u0173 tapybos stiliaus pavyzd\u017ei\u0173, yra nepaprastai svarb\u016bs meno pl\u0117trai tiek Baltarusijos ir Rusios \u017eem\u0117se, tiek visoje Bizantijos kult\u016bros i\u0161plitimo teritorijoje.<\/p>\r\n<p>Taigi \u0160v. Eufrosinijos vienuolyno Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dia \u2013 tai individualus ir vienintelis Polocko architekt\u016bros mokyklos pavyzdys, taip gerai i\u0161lik\u0119s iki \u0161i\u0173 dien\u0173. Be to, monumentalios tapybos at\u017evilgiu retas XII a. senov\u0117s fresk\u0173 i\u0161saugojimo laipsnis leid\u017eia Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010di\u0105 kartu su to meto Balkan\u0173 ba\u017eny\u010diomis (\u0160v. Panteleimono ba\u017eny\u010dia Nerezyje, \u0160v. Panteleimono ba\u017eny\u010dia Bojanoje) laikyti vienais i\u0161kiliausi\u0173 viduram\u017ei\u0173 Bizantijos meno paminklais.<\/p>\r\n<p>Labai svarbus \u0161io paminklo dvasinis vaidmuo, susij\u0119s su Rusios \u0161viet\u0117jos \u2013 vienuol\u0117s Polocko \u0160v. Eufrosinijos palikimu. Ji buvo pirmoji moteris Baltarusijos \u017eem\u0117se 1125 m. \u012fsteigusi savo architekt\u016bra unikal\u0173 vienuolyn\u0105, suk\u016brusi jam speciali\u0105 ikonografin\u0119 tapybos program\u0105 ir ypa\u010d verting\u0105 kry\u017ei\u0173-relikvijori\u0173.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_masonry_media_grid element_width=&#8221;12&#8243; grid_id=&#8221;vc_gid:1636897633942-eba8de15-68f3-1&#8243; include=&#8221;2515,2542&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text] \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435: Ba\u017eny\u010dios vietaBa\u017eny\u010dia yra \u0161v. Eufrosinijos vienuolyno teritorijoje, Eufrasinni Polackaj g. 89. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60px&#8221;][vc_separator color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#c17126&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1635164806645{padding-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text] Polocko \u0160v. Eufrosinijos vienuolyno Kristaus Atsimainymo ba\u017eny\u010dia yra viena seniausi\u0173 i\u0161likusi\u0173 ba\u017eny\u010di\u0173 Ryt\u0173 Europoje, kurios architekt\u016bra, susiformavusi k\u016brybi\u0161kai pritaikius Bizantijos tradicijas, i\u0161 esm\u0117s tapo naujo tipo pastato pavyzd\u017eiu, XII\u2013XIII a. sand\u016broje pla\u010diai&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[64],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4374"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4374"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4397,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4374\/revisions\/4397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skaryna.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}